Undisclosed Foreign Financial Assets
Disclaimer: The following IRS Voluntary Disclosure Practice (VDP) material is intended for general information only and not legal or tax advice.
Willfulness
Source: IRS
Willfulness
The IRS Voluntary Disclosure Program (VDP) allows taxpayers to voluntarily correct past tax issues—like unreported income, unpaid taxes, or undisclosed foreign assets—before the IRS begins an audit or enforcement. It’s especially relevant for those who willfully violated tax laws but now want to come into compliance. While participants still owe taxes, interest, and penalties, they can usually avoid criminal prosecution and face reduced civil penalties compared to if the IRS uncovered the violations on its own.
The VDP has evolved over time, particularly to address offshore compliance. One major version, the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP), ended in 2018. Today, the IRS offers a broader disclosure process through its Criminal Investigation (CI) division for both domestic and international issues. Taxpayers must first request preclearance, then submit amended or late returns, documents, and a written explanation.
Though the program doesn’t guarantee immunity, it offers a structured way to resolve tax liabilities and reduce legal risk. For non-willful violations, such as those due to error or misunderstanding, less severe IRS programs may be more appropriate. For more information, click here: Voluntary Disclosure Practice
Non-Willfulness
The IRS offers several programs to help taxpayers rectify prior noncompliance related to foreign income and asset reporting. These include the Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures, designed for taxpayers who failed to report foreign financial assets and pay all tax due in respect of those assets, but whose failure was non-willful. Under this umbrella, the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedures cater to U.S. taxpayers residing abroad, while the Streamlined Domestic Offshore Procedures apply to those residing in the United States. For taxpayers who did not file the required but are not facing a civil examination or criminal investigation, the Delinquent FBAR Submission Procedures may be appropriate. Additionally, the Delinquent International Information Returns Submission Procedures are available for those who failed to file other international forms such as Forms 5471 or 3520. These programs provide paths to compliance with reduced penalties under specific eligibility criteria.
Undisclosed Foreign Accounts Assistance
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